m_Na2CO3 = \(\frac{md.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\frac{100.10,6\%}{100\%}\)= 10,6 (g)

n_Na2CO3 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{10,6}{106}\)= 0,1 (mol)

m_H2SO4 = \(\frac{md.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\frac{200.9,8\%}{100\%}\)= 19,6 (g)

n_H2SO4 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{19,6}{98}\)= 0,2 (mol)

Khi cho Na₂CO₃ tác dụng với H₂SO₄, ta có PTHH:

Na₂CO₃ + H₂SO₄  \(\rightarrow\)Na₂SO₄ + CO₂\(\uparrow\)+ H₂O

0,1          : 0,2

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,1}{1}\)< \(\frac{0,2}{1}\)=> H₂SO₄ dư, dưa vào n_Na2CO3 để tính

Na₂CO₃ + H₂SO₄ \(\rightarrow\) Na₂SO₄ + CO₂\(\uparrow\)+ H₂O

0,1 \(\rightarrow\)0,1              : 0,1            : 0,1        : 0,1               (mol)

a. V_CO2 = n.22,4 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)

b. Các chất sau phản ứng gồm Na₂SO₄ và H₂SO₄ dư

m_dsau = m_dNa2CO3 + m_dH2SO4 - m_CO2 = 100 + 200 - 0,1.44 = 295,6 (g)

C%_Na2CO3 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{0,1.106}{295,6}\). 100% \(\approx\)3,6 %

C%_H2SO4 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{\left(0,2-0,1\right)98}{295,6}\). 100% \(\approx\)3,31%

\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2mol\\ a.MgCO_3+H_2SO_4->MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_{\text{4 }}->Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.80.0,1:40=0,1mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(MgCO_3\right)}=0,2mol\\ c.C\%=\dfrac{98.0,3}{200}.100\%=14,7\%\\ V=0,2.22,4=4,48L\\ d.m_{ddsau}=200+16,8-44.0,2+80=288g\\ C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{40.0,1}{288}.100\%=1,39\%\\ C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120.0,2}{288}.100\%=8,33\%\)

\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{80}{40}=2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

\(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)

0,2              0,2                                         0,2 

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

2                 1                 1

Vậy có 0,2 mol H2SO4 phản ứng với MgCO3 

       có 1 mol H2SO4 phản ứng với NaOH 

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1,2.98=117,6\left(g\right)\)

\(c,C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6}{200}.100\%=58,8\%\)

\(V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

\(d,m_{Na_2SO_4}=1.142=142\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{80.100}{10}=800\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=1.98:58,8\%\approx166,67\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=800+166,67=966,67\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{142}{966,67}.100\%\approx14,69\%\)

Sửa đề cho dễ làm: "Cho 5,6 gam sắt"

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Gộp cả phần a và b

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

-Mình sửa đề là 5,6 g sắt nhé :)

Đổi 100ml = 1lit

PTHH:   Fe +H₂SO₄→FeSO₄+H₂

+n_Fe=\(\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

-Theo PTHH ta có:

+n_H2=n_Fe=0,1(mol)

+V_H2=0,1.22,4=2,24(lit)

-Theo PTHH ta có:

+n_H2SO4=n_Fe=0,1(mol)

+CM_H2SO4=\(\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\) (M)

mKOH=28(g)

nKOH=0.5(mol)

PTHH:2KOH+H2SO4->K2SO4+2H2O

a)Theo pthh:nH2SO4=1/2 nKOH->nH2SO4=0.25(mol)

mH2SO4=0.25*98=24.5(g)

C%ddH2SO4=24.5/100*100=24.5%

theo pthh:nK2SO4=nH2SO4->nK2SO4=0.25(mol)

mK2SO4=0.25*(39*2+96)=43.5(g)

c)mdd sau phản ứng:200+100=300(g)

d) C% muối=43.5:300*100=14.5%

\(a,H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,4=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddNa_2SO_4}=0,4+1,6=2\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,02.2=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ a.n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,04}{2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,08}=0,25\left(M\right)\\ b.\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2}{0,02+0,08}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,02+0,08}=0,2\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

0,2------->0,1--------->0,1

Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,45}{1}\Rightarrow\) \(H_2SO_4\)dư

Trong dung dịch D có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45-0,1=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,5}=0,7M\\CM_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)

b

\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)

0,35<---------0,35

\(V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,35.74}{1,2}=\dfrac{259}{12}\approx21,58\left(ml\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd.Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{259}{12}.100\%}{10\%}=\dfrac{1295}{6}\approx215,83\left(ml\right)\)